Authorship in this journal is based on substantial intellectual contributions to the work and accountability for its integrity. All authors must meet the following criteria:
- Make a substantial contribution to the conception or design of the work, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or other essential research activities.
- Participate in drafting the manuscript or critically revising it for important intellectual content.
- Approve the final version of the manuscript for publication.
- Accept responsibility for their contributions and cooperate in resolving any questions concerning the accuracy or integrity of the work.
All individuals who meet these criteria must be listed as authors. Contributions such as funding acquisition, administrative support, general supervision, or language editing alone do not qualify for authorship and should be acknowledged appropriately.
The journal does not permit gift, guest, or ghost authorship. The corresponding author is responsible for confirming that all authors meet the authorship criteria and have approved the submitted manuscript. Author contributions should be transparently stated using the CRediT taxonomy, where applicable.
Generative AI tools cannot be listed as authors. Any use of such tools in manuscript preparation must be disclosed in accordance with the journal’s AI policy. Changes to authorship after submission require editorial approval and written consent from all authors concerned.
